Fat

Turf before ball. Ball may be too far forward in the stance or swing arc bottoms out too early caused by a reverse pivot, steep swing or too much body movement. Hands need to be slightly forward at impact, not behind the ball, so as to promote a downward strike at impact.

Think! Keep eye on ball at impact.

Top

Can be same reasons as for a fat except that clubhead does not touch ground and on up swing catches ball. Trying to help the ball up also may be part of the problem or standing up (avoid looking up before making contact with the ball), rather than remaining in a flexed position.

Think! Ball then turf.

Thin

Similar to a top except that more of the ball is caught on the through swing, frequently when using the arms and hands rather than the core to initiate the downswing. If the ball flies low and long, you probably have thinned it.

Think! Swing not hit.

Shank

Making contact with the hosel rather than the clubface. Our tip is on the driving range to place a tee or ball just outside the toe of the club at address and then practice missing this obstacle at impact. This will promote hitting out of the center of the clubface.

Think! Toe of clubhead at impact.